Fermion Number: FermionNumber

FermionNumber is a convenience sector for integer $U(1)$ charge together with the matching fermion parity. It is implemented as U1Irrep ⊠ FermionParity, with odd charge assigned odd parity.

Sector type

TensorKitSectors.FermionNumberType
const FermionNumber = U1Irrep ⊠ FermionParity
FermionNumber(a::Int)

Represents the fermion number as the direct product of a $U₁$ irrep a and a fermion parity, with the restriction that the fermion parity is odd if and only if a is odd.

See also: U1Irrep, FermionParity

source

Construct FermionNumber(n) from an integer charge n. The underlying product label is

\[n \mapsto (U(1)\text{ charge } n,\; n \bmod 2).\]

The unit is FermionNumber(0), and duality negates the $U(1)$ charge while preserving the parity constraint.

Fusion Rules

Fusion adds charges:

\[n_1 \otimes n_2 = n_1 + n_2.\]

The fermion parity component is then fixed automatically by the resulting charge.

Topological data

All sectors have quantum dimension 1.

The $U(1)$ part has bosonic representation-category data, while the parity part supplies the fermionic exchange sign. Thus exchanging two odd-charge sectors contributes a minus sign.

Because this is a product sector, its fusion and topological data is inherited componentwise from U1Irrep and FermionParity.

References